Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is one of the most advanced techniques in assisted reproductive technology, often used in combination with in vitro fertilization IVF in Lahore. It is especially beneficial for couples dealing with severe male infertility.
Understanding ICSI
In natural conception, millions of sperm compete to penetrate the egg’s outer layer. In cases of low sperm count, poor motility, or other male factor issues, this process may fail. ICSI bypasses these challenges by placing a healthy sperm directly inside the egg, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.
Step-by-Step Process of Sperm Injection in ICSI
1. Collection of Eggs and Sperm
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Egg retrieval – The woman’s eggs are collected after ovarian stimulation, usually under mild sedation.
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Sperm collection – The sperm sample is obtained through ejaculation or, in some cases, surgical retrieval methods like TESE or PESA if sperm is not present in semen.
2. Selection of Healthy Sperm
The sperm sample is examined under a high-powered microscope. Embryologists select a single sperm with the best movement and shape, as these factors are linked to better fertilization chances.
3. Preparing the Egg
The egg’s protective outer cells (cumulus cells) are gently removed to allow clear access for the injection. This step also helps assess the egg’s maturity.
4. Immobilizing the Sperm
Before injection, the selected sperm is immobilized by gently tapping its tail with a fine glass needle. This ensures it can be easily injected and increases the chances of successful fertilization.
5. The Injection Process
Using a specialized micromanipulator under a microscope:
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The egg is held in place with a holding pipette.
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The injection needle, containing the sperm, is carefully inserted through the egg’s outer shell (zona pellucida) and into its cytoplasm.
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The sperm is released directly inside the egg.
This entire step requires precision and is performed by highly trained embryologists to avoid damaging the egg.
6. Monitoring Fertilization
After injection, the egg is placed in a controlled incubator. Over the next 16–18 hours, embryologists check for signs of fertilization, such as the presence of two pronuclei (genetic material from both the sperm and egg).
7. Embryo Development and Transfer
If fertilization is successful, the resulting embryo is cultured for a few days before being transferred into the woman’s uterus, where it can implant and lead to pregnancy.
Why ICSI Is Effective
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Requires only one healthy sperm per egg
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Overcomes severe male infertility issues
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Increases fertilization success rates in cases where traditional IVF may fail
Conclusion:
The ICSI procedure sperm injection step is a delicate and highly precise process that plays a crucial role in helping couples overcome male infertility challenges. By placing a single sperm directly into the egg, this advanced technique bypasses natural barriers, giving couples a higher chance of achieving a healthy pregnancy.
